Die Qing- oder Mandschu-Dynastie wurde von den Mandschu unter Nurhaci gegründet, herrschte ab 1644 über ganz China und löste somit die Ming-Dynastie ab. Diese letzte kaiserliche Dynastie endete nach der Xinhai-Revolution von 1911 mit der Ausrufung der Republik China am 1. Januar 1912. Die Qing-Dynastie war nach der mongolischen Yuan-Dynastie die zweite Dynastie, die über ganz China herrschte und...

The Ming Dynasty (c. 1368 AD – c. 1644 AD), was founded by the peasant rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋, known as the Hongwu Emperor 洪武 and it was the successor to the Yuan Dynasty 元朝 and succeeded by the Qing Dynasty 清朝. At its height, the Ming Dynasty had a population of 160 million people. The Ming was described by Edwin O. Reischauer, John K. Fairbank and Albert M. Craig as "one of the greatest...

The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan 大元, was an empire of Mongolia established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin Clan. Although the Mongols had ruled territories including today's North China for decades already, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Chinese style, and his conquest was not complete until 1279. Kublai Khan's realm...